Olivia Burch Activity References
The American Geriatric Society. Pharmacological Management of Persistent Pain in Older Persons.
2009. Available at: https://www.painbc.ca/sites/default/files/events/materials/AmericanGeriatricSociety-Guidelines2009.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Cleveland Clinic. When You Can’t Stomach NSAIDs. May 2015. https://www.arthritis-advisor.com/issues/14_5/features/When-You-Cant-Stomach-NSAIDs_1092-1.html Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Harvard Medical School. Heart Safer NSAID alternatives. Harvard Health Publishing. November 2015. https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/heart-safer-nsaid-alternatives Accessed 02/13/2019.
Mayo Clinic. Arthritis. 3/7/18 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350777 Accessed 02/13/2019.
McAlindon T, Bannuru R, Sullivan M, et al. OARSI Guidelines for the Non-Surgical Management of Knee Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22:363-388. https://www.oarsi.org/sites/default/files/docs/2014/non_surgical_treatment_of_knee_oa_march_2014.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Russell Williams Activity References
Brown RL, Rounds LA. conjoint screening questionnaires for alcohol and other drug abuse: Criterion validity in a primary care practice. Wis Med J. 1995; 94:135-140.
Chou R, Amir Q, Snow V, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: A joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society. American College of Physicians. 2007; 147(7): 478-491. Available at: http://annals.org/aim/article/736814/diagnosis-treatment-low-back-pain-joint-clinical-practice-guideline-from Accessed 02/13/2019.
Chou R, Fanciullo G, Fine P, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J Pain. 2009; 10(2): 113-130. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(08)00831-6/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001; 16(9): 606-613.
Marshall, PS. Physical Functional Ability Questionnaire (FAQ5). Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. 2010; 14: Appendix B:63. Available at: https://www.dmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/Physical-Functional-Ability-Questionnaire-FAQ5.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, Mclean RM, et al. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2017. DOI: 10.7326/M16-2367. Available at: http://annals.org/aim/article/2603228/noninvasive-treatments-acute-subacute-chronic-low-back-pain-clinical-practice Accessed 02/13/2019.
Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S, et al. Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011; 342: c7086. Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7086 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Varga Z, Sabzwari SRA, Vargova V. Cardiovascular risk of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an under-recognized public health issue. Cureus. 2017; 9(4): e1444. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5422108/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Andrea Sanchez Activity References
SAMHSA (lynne.walsh). “Buprenorphine.” Text. SAMHSA, June 15, 2015. https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/treatment/buprenorphine Accessed 02/14/2019.
Chad Wright Activity References
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee 2nd edition. 2011; Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23996988 Accessed 02/14/2019.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association. 2013 page 541.
PCSS-MAT/APA. Opioid use disorder diagnostic criteria. Reprinted from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, (Copyright 2013) American Psychiatric Association. Available at: https://pcssnow.org/resource/opioid-use-disorder-opioid-addiction/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Babor TF, de la Fluente JF, Saunders J, Grant M. AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: guidelines for use in primary health care. Generva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 1992.
Beck AT, Steer RA, Carbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review. 1988; 8(1):77-100.
Belgrade M, Schamber CD, Lindgren BR. The DIRE score. Predicting outcomes of opioid prescribing for chronic pain. The Journal of Pain. 2006; 7(9): 671-81. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(06)00626-2/abstract. Accessed 02/14/2019.
Briley M, Moret C. Treatment of comorbid pain with serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. CNS Spectr. 2008; 13(7): 22-26.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm. Accessed 02/14/2019.
FDA. Drug Safety and Availability – FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA recommends against the continued use of propoxyphene. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm234338.htm. Accessed 02/14/2019.
Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2000;16 (4): 494-502. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13498604. Accessed 02/14/2019.
Krebs EE, Lorenz KA, Bair MJ. Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference. J Gen Intern Med. 2009; 24(6): 733-738. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686775/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Kumar L, Barker C, Emmanuel A. Opioid-induced constipation: Pathophysiology, clinicial consequences, and management. Gastroenterology Research and Practice. 2014; 2014. Available at: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/grp/2014/141737/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Marshall, PS. Physical Functional Ability Questionnaire (FAQ5). In: Assessment and Management of Chronic Pain, 5th edition. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. 2011; 14: Appendix C:99. Available at: http://www.generationsprimarycare.com/assets/pain-contract.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Merrill JO, Von Korff M, Banta-Green CJ, et al. Prescribed opioid difficulties, depression and opioid dose among chronic opioid therapy patients. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2012; 34: 581-587. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22959422 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Pani PP, Vacca R, Troqu E, Amato L, Davoli M. Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010; 8(9): CD008373. Available at: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008373.pub2/abstract Accessed 02/14/2019.
Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Casper D. Addiction-related assessment tools and pain management: instruments for screening, treatment planning and monitoring compliance. Pain Med. 2008; 9: S145-S166.
Webster LR. Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: Preliminary validation of the opioid risk tool. Pain Medicine. 2005;6(6):432-442. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16336480 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Andrew Turner Activity References
Carter GT, Aggarwal SK. Cannabis in the treatment of chronic pain. NABP 2009 Symposium. 2009. Available at: https://www.nabp.net/events/assets/Carter_Aggarwal.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Cherkin DC, Sherman KJ, Balderson, BH, et al. Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction vs. cognitive behavioral therapy or usual care on back pain and functional limitations in adults with chronic low back pain. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016; 315(12):1240-1249. Available at: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2504811 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Chou R, Fanciullo G, Fine P, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic non-cancer pain. J Pain. 2009; 10(2): 113-130. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(08)00831-6/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug Enforcement Administration. State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs. U.S. Department of Justice. 2011. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/faq/rx_monitor.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Ewing, J.A. Detecting alcoholism: The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association. 1984. 252, 1905–1907. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6471323 Accessed 02/13/2019.
FSMB. Model Policy on DATA 2000 and Treatment of Opioid Addiction in the Medical Office. FSMB Website. 2013. Available at: https://www.fsmb.org/siteassets/advocacy/policies/model-policy-on-data-2000-and-treatment-of-opioid-addiction-in-the-medical-office.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Hill KP. Medical marijuana for treatment of chronic pain and other medical and psychiatric problems. A clinical review. JAMA. 2015; 313(24): 2474-2483. Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2338266 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Lucas P, Walsh Z, Crosby K, et al. Substituting cannabis for prescription drugs, alcohol and other substances among medical cannabis patients: The impact of contextual factors. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2015; doi:10.1111/dar.12323. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dar.12323/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
National Cancer Institute. PDQ® Cannabis and Cannabinoids. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified: 2016. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cannabis-pdq#link/_11 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing. Petition to FDA. July 25, 2012. Available at: http://www.citizen.org/documents/2048.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Skinner, HA. The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behavior, 1982, 7, 363-371
Thomas DA, Maslin B, Legler A, et al. Role of alternative therapies for chronic pain syndromes. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 20(5): 29. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27038968 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Wang J, Christo PJ. The influence of prescription monitoring programs on chronic pain management. Pain Physician. 2009; 12: 507-515. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19461820 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, et al.. Cannabis for the management of pain: Assessment of safety study . J Pain. . Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26385201 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Jessica Davis Activity References
Chou R, Fanciullo G, Fine P, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic non-cancer pain. J Pain. 2009; 10(2): 113-130. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(08)00831-6/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dumitrascu CD, Mannes PZ, Gamble LJ, Selzer JA. Substance use among physicians and medical students. MSRJ. 2014: 03 (Winter): 26-35. Available at: http://msrj.chm.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/MSRJ-Winter-2014-Substance-Use-Among-Physicians-and-Medical-Students.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1er.htm?s_cid=rr6501e1er_w Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug Enforcement Administration. State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs. U.S. Department of Justice. 2011. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/faq/rx_monitor.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Jackson ER, Shanafelt TD, Hasan O, Satele DV, Dyrbye LN. Burnout and Alcohol Abuse/Dependence Among U.S. Medical Students. Acad Med. 2016. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934693 Accessed on: 2016-03-31.
Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing. Petition to FDA. July 25, 2012. Available at: http://www.citizen.org/documents/2048.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Thorson D, Biewen P, Epstein H. et al. Acute pain assessment and opioid prescribing protocol. Health care protocol. AHRQ National Guideline Clearinghouse. Developed by Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Available at: https://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=47765 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Wang J, Christo PJ. The influence of prescription monitoring programs on chronic pain management. Pain Physician. 2009; 12: 507-515. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19461820 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Peter Wentworth Activity References
American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. Signs and behaviors of impaired colleagues. Available at https://www.aana.com/practice/health-and-wellness-peer-assistance/About-AANA-Peer-Assistance/substance-use-disorder-workplace-resources/signs-and-behavior-of-impaired-colleagues Accessed 02/13/2019.
American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). The ASAM National Practice Guideline For the Use of Medications in the Treatment of Addiction Involving Opioid Use. American Society of Addiction Medicine. June 1, 2015. Available at: http://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/practice-support/guidelines-and-consensus-docs/asam-national-practice-guideline-supplement1b630f9472bc604ca5b7ff000030b21a.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Bryson EO, Silverstein JH. Addiction and substance abuse in anesthesiology. Anesthesiology. 2008 Nov; 109(5): 905–917. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766183/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Federation of State Medical Boards. Policy on Impaired Physicians. Available at https://www.fsmb.org/Media/Default/PDF/FSMB/Advocacy/grpol_policy-on-physician-impairment.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
McGovern MP, Angres DH, Leon S. Characteristics of physicians presenting for assessment at a behavioral health center. J Addict Dis. 2000, 19(2): 59-73.
Rose J.S., Campbell M., Skipper G. Prognosis for emergency physician with substance abuse recovery: 5-year outcome study. West J Emerg Med. 2014; 15(1): 20-25. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3952884/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
A Thomas McLellan chief executive officer, Skipper GS, Campbell M. Five year outcomes in a cohort study of physicians treated for substance use disorders in the United States. BMJ. 2008; 337:a2038. Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2038 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Vivitrol. Vivitrol (naltrexone for extended-release injectable suspension). ©2013-2016 Alkermes, Inc. Available at https://www.vivitrol.com/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Wright EL, McGuiness T, Moneyham LD, et al. Opioid abuse among nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologists. AANA Journal. 2012; 80(2). Available at: https://www.aana.com/docs/default-source/aana-journal-web-documents-1/opioidabuse-0412-p120-128.pdf?sfvrsn=807a48b1_8 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Steve Campbell Activity References
Chou R, Fanciullo G, Fine P, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic non-cancer pain. J Pain. 2009; 10(2): 113-130. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(08)00831-6/abstract. Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug Enforcement Administration. State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs. U.S. Department of Justice. 2011. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/faq/rx_monitor.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Ewing, J.A. Detecting alcoholism: The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association. 1984. 252, 1905–1907. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6471323 Accessed 02/13/2019.
FSMB. Model Policy on DATA 2000 and Treatment of Opioid Addiction in the Medical Office. FSMB Website. 2013. Available at: https://www.fsmb.org/siteassets/advocacy/policies/model-policy-on-data-2000-and-treatment-of-opioid-addiction-in-the-medical-office.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Krebs EE, Lorenz KA, Bair MJ. Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference. J Gen Intern Med. 2009; 24(6): 733-738. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686775/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
McPherson ML, Cimino NM. Topical NSAID formulations. Pain Med. 2013; 14 Suppl 1:S36-9. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24373109 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing. Petition to FDA. July 25, 2012. Available at: http://www.citizen.org/documents/2048.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Skinner, HA. The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behavior, 1982, 7, 363-371.
Wang J, Christo PJ. The influence of prescription monitoring programs on chronic pain management. Pain Physician. 2009; 12: 507-515. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19461820 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Webster LR, Webster RM. Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: Preliminary validation of the opioid risk tool. Pain Medicine. 2005;6(6):432-442. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16336480 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Foundations Training Activity References
Ablin J, Fitzcharles M, Buskila D, Shir Y, Sommer C, Häuser W. Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: Recommendations of recent evidence-based interdisciplinary guidelines with special emphasis on complementary and alternative therapies. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856149/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Abrams D, Couey P, Shade SB, et al.. Cannabinoid-opioid interaction in chronic pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 90(6): 844-51. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22048225 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
ADAPT Research Group, Martin BK, Szekely C, et al.. Cognitive function over time in the Alzheimer’s Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT): results of a randomized, controlled trial of naproxen and celecoxib. Arch Neurol. 2008; 65: 895-905. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18474729 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
American Pain Society. Pain: Current Understanding of Assessment, Management, and Treatment, Section III: Types of Treatments. American Pain Society . 2006. Available at: http://americanpainsociety.org/uploads/education/npc.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Antman EM, Bennett JS, Daugherty A, et al. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an update for clinicians: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007; 115: 1634-1642. Available at: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/115/12/1634.long Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Antonucci R, Zaffanello M, Puxeddu E, Porcella A, Cuzzonlin L, Pilloni MD, Fanos V. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pregnancy: Impact on the fetus and newborn. Current Drug Metabolism. 2012; 13: 474-490. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22299823 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
ASAM. Summary of the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act. ASAM Advocacy. 2016. Available at: http://www.asam.org/advocacy/issues/opioids/summary-of-the-comprehensive-addiction-and-recovery-act Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Barnett E, Spruijt-Metz D, Unger JB, Sun P, Rohrback LA, Sussman S. Boosting a teen substance use prevention program with motivational interviewing. Substance Use & Misuse. 2012; 47: 418-428. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22216936 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Baron R, Binder A, Wasner G. Neuropathic pain: Diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment. The Lancet Neurology. 2010; 9: 807-819. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650402 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Bingham C, Ruffing V. Rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. 2013. Available at: http://www.hopkinsarthritis.org/arthritis-info/rheumatoid-arthritis/ra-treatment/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Burroughs VJ, Maxey RW, Levy RA. Racial and ethnic differences in response to medicines: Toward individualized pharmaceutical treatment. J National Medical Assoc. 2002; 9(10): . Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2594139/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
CADCA. Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA). CADCA.org. 2016. Available at: http://www.cadca.org/comprehensive-addiction-and-recovery-act-cara Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Campbell CM, Edwards RR. Ethnic differences in pain and pain management. Pain Management. 2012; 2: 219-230. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654683/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Carter GT, Aggarwal SK. Cannabis in the treatment of chronic pain. NABP 2009 Symposium. 2009. Available at: https://www.nabp.net/events/assets/Carter_Aggarwal.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Chou R, Amir Q, Snow V, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: A joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society. American College of Physicians. 2007; 147(7): 478-491. Available at: http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=736814 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Chou R, Fanciullo G, Fine P, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J Pain. 2009; 10(2): 113-130. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(08)00831-6/abstract Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Cleveland Clinic. Acute vs. Chronic Pain. Treatments & Procedures. 2008. Available at: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/anesthesiology/pain-management/diseases-conditions/hic-acute-vs-chronic-pain Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Clinical Tools, Inc.. Assessing pain with PQRSTU. Clinical Tools, Inc.. 2016. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/embed/cKR27q9g-_o Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists’ (CNT) Collaboration, Bhala N, Bhala N, et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2013; 382: 769-779. Available at: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60900-9/abstract Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Davis, JL. Chronic Pain Relief: New Treatments. WebMD. 2011. Available at: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/features/chronic-pain-relief-new-treatments Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Ehde DM, Dillworth TM, Turner JA. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for individuals with chronic pain. American Psychological Association. 2014; 69: 153-166. Available at: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/amp-a0035747.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Erdemoglu AK, Koc R. Brief Pain Inventory score identifying and discriminating neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2013; 128: 351-358. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594114 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
FDA. Blueprint for Prescriber Continuing Education Program 2011 (rev 2013). Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/rems/ERLA%20Opioids_2014-12-29_FDA%20BLUEPRINT%20FOR%20PRESCRIBER%20EDUCATION.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
FDA. FDA announces enhanced warnings for immediate-release opioid pain medications related to risks of misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose and death. FDA News Release. March 22, 2016. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm491739.htm Accessed on 02/13/2019.
FDA. New Safety Measures Announced for Extended-release and Long-acting Opioids. FDA Website. 2013. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm363722.htm Accessed on 02/13/2019.
FDA. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns about several safety issues with opioid pain medicines; requires label changes. 3/22/2016. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm489676.htm Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States. Model policy for the use of controlled substances for the treatment of pain. Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, Inc. 2004. Available at: http://www.fsmb.org/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Fleeter TB. Informed consent: More than just a signature. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2010.
Fosbol EL, Folke F, Jacobsen S, et al. Cause-specific cardiovascular risk associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs among healthy individuals. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010; 3: 395-405. Available at: http://circoutcomes.ahajournals.org/content/3/4/395.full Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Freeman HP, Payne S. Racial injustice in health care. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 1045-1047. Available at: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200004063421411 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
FSMB. Model Policy on DATA 2000 and Treatment of Opioid Addiction in the Medical Office. FSMB Website http://www.fsmb.org. 2013. Available at: https://www.fsmb.org/Media/Default/PDF/FSMB/Advocacy/2013_model_policy_treatment_opioid_addiction.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Garra G, Singer AJ, Taira BR, et al. Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010; 17: 50-54. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20003121 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Gerrits MM, Vogelzangs N, Oppen P, Marwijk WJ, Horst H, Penninx B. Impact of pain on the course of depressive and anxiety disorders. Pain. 2012; 153: 429-436. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22154919 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Gilmore B, Michael M. Treatment of acute migraine headache. Am Fam Physician. 2011; 83(3): 271-80. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21302868 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Gilmore B, Michael M. Treatment of acute migraine headache. American Family Physician. 2011; 83: 271-280. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0201/p271.html Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Gislason GH, Jacobsen S, Rasmussen JN, et al. Risk of death or reinfarction associated with the use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2006; 113: 2906-2913. Available at: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/113/25/2906.long Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Goldenberg DL, Schur PH, Romain PL. Initial treatment of fibromyalgia in adults. UpToDate. 2015. Available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-fibromyalgia-in-adults Accessed on: 2015-07-06.
Goodwin JL, Kraemer JJ, Bajwa ZH. The use of opioids in the treatment of osteoarthritis: when, why, and how?. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2009; 11(1): 5-14. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19171106 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Green CR, Ndao-Brumblay SK, West B, Washington T. Differences in prescription opioid analgesic availability: Comparing minority and withe pharmacies across michigan. The Journal of Pain. 2005; 6: 689-699. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16202962 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Hall DE, Prochazka AV, Fink AS. Informed consent for clinical treatment. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2012; 184: 533-540. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392947 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Harned M, Sloan P. Safety concerns with long-term opioid use. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016; PMID: 27070052: . Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27070052 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Hill KP. Medical marijuana for treatment of chronic pain and other medical and psychiatric problems. A clinical review. JAMA. 2015; 313(24): 2474-2483. Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2338266 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Risk of myocardial infarction in patients taking cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors or conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based nested case-control analysis. BMJ. 2005; 330: 1366. Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/330/7504/1366?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=330/7504/1366 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Häuser W, Walitt B, Fitzcharles M, Sommer C. Review of pharmacological therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2014; 16: . Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24433463 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). Pain, Chronic; Assessment and Management of: Guideline Summary. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). 2011. Available at: https://www.icsi.org/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Jaine R, Jaine S. Antidepressants in the treatment of chronic pain. Practical Pain Management . 2011. Available at: http://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/pharmacological/non-opioids/antidepressants-treatment-chronic-pain?page=0,0 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Jensen MP, Moore MR, Bockow TB, Ehde DM, Engel JM. Psychosocial factors and adjustment to chronic pain in persons with physical disabilities: a systematic review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2011; 92: 146-160. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21187217 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Kalunian KC, Tugwell P, Curtis MR. Initial pharmacologic therapy of osteoarthritis. UpToDate. 2015. Available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-pharmacologic-therapy-of-osteoarthritis Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Koes BW , Tulder MV, Lin CWC, et al. An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J. 2010; 19: 2075-2094. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602122 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Manchikanti L, Singh V, Kloth D. Interventional pain management practice policies. ASIPP.org. 2002. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242232286_INTERVENTIONAL_PAIN_MANAGEMENT_PRACTICE_POLICIES Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Marshall, PS. Physical Functional Ability Questionnaire (FAQ5). In: Assessment and Management of Chronic Pain, 5th edition. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. 2011; 14: Appendix C:99. Available at: http://www.generationsprimarycare.com/assets/pain-contract.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Martin JF. Privacy and confidentiality. Handbook of Global Bioethics. 2013; 1: 119-137. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Masiye/publication/263007847_Handbook_of_Global_Bioethics/links/59099c12a6fdcc4961683ae3/Handbook-of-Global-Bioethics.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Mayo Clinic Staff. Migraine. Mayo Clinic Health Information. 2012. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/basics/definition/con-20026358 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
McWilliams LA, Goodwin RD, Cox BJ. Depression and anxiety associated with three pain conditions: results from a nationally representative sample. Pain. 2004; 111(1-2): 77-83. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15327811 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
MDBiosciences.com. Nociception, Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain. Target Inflammatoin: An Applications Newsletter for Inflammatory Research. 2006. Available at: http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/42723/file-5409214-pdf/docs/newsletter-fall06.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Melzack R. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain. 1975; 1: 277-299. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1235985 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Merck. Types of Pain. The Merck Manual Home Health Handbook for Patients & Caregivers. 2007. Available at: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/pain/overview-of-pain Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Morone NE, Greco CM, Weiner DK. Mindfulness meditation for the treatment of chronic low back pain in older adults: A randomized controlled pilot study. Pain. 2008; 134(3): 310-319. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2254507/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Morrison RS, Wallenstein S, et al. “We Don’t Carry That”-Failure of pharmacies in predominately nonwhite neighborhoods to stock opioid analgesics. New Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 1023-1026. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10749965 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
National Cancer Institute. PDQ® Cannabis and Cannabinoids. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified: 2016. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cannabis-pdq#link/_11 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. NIH Analysis Shows Americans are in Pain. National Institute of Health. 2015. Available at: https://nccih.nih.gov/news/press/08112015?nav=pin Accessed on 02/13/2019.
National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC)/National Headache Foundation (NHF). Treatment of primary headache: acute migraine treatment. Standards of care for headache diagnosis and treatment. Based on: Standards of care for headache diagnosis and treatment. Chicago (IL): National Headache Foundation. 2004: 27-39. Available at: http://www.headaches.org/2007/11/19/standards-of-care-for-headache-diagnosis-and-treatment/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
National Pain Foundation. Migraine Headache. National Pain Foundation, Inc. 2009. Available at: http://nationalpainreport.com/category/migraines Accessed on 02/13/2019.
O’Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, Fulk GD. Physical Rehabilitation. DavisPlus. 2014; 6: . Available at: http://www.amazon.com/Physical-Rehabilitation-OSullivan/dp/0803625790 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Obermann M. Treatment options in trigeminal neuralgia. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 2010; 3: 107-115. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002644/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Pergolizzi J, et al. Towards a multidisciplinary team approach in chronic pain management . Change Pain . 2013. Available at: http://www.pae-eu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Multidisciplinary-approach-in-chronic-pain-management.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Pountos I, Georgouli T, Bird H, Giannoudis PV. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Prostaglandins, indications, and side effects. International Journal of Interferon, Cytokine and Mediator Research. 2011; 3: 19-27. Available at: https://www.dovepress.com/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-prostaglandins-indications-and-si-peer-reviewed-article-IJICMR Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, et al.. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. American College of Physicians. 2017. Available at: http://annals.org/aim/article/2603228/noninvasive-treatments-acute-subacute-chronic-low-back-pain-clinical-practice Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Reinarman C, Nunberg H, Lanthier F, Heddleston T. Who are medical marijuana patients? Population characteristics from nine California assessment clinics. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2011; 43 (2): 128-135. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Craig_Reinarman/publication/51587751_Who_Are_Medical_Marijuana_Patients_Population_Characteristics_from_Nine_California_Assessment_Clinics/links/5422fc330cf290c9e3ae246b.pdf Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Richards JS, Kogos SC Jr, Ness TJ, Oleson CV. Effects of smoking on neuropathic pain in two people with spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2005; 28(4): 330-332.
Risser A, Donovan D, Heintzman J, Page T. NSAID prescribing precautions. American Family Physician. 2009; 80: 1371-1378. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/1215/p1371.html Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Roehrs TA, Harris E, Randall S, Roth T. Pain Sensitivity and Recovery From Mild Chronic Sleep Loss. Sleeep. 2012. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3490359/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
SAMHSA. SAMHSA opioid overdose prevention toolkit. 2014. Available at: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Opioid-Overdose-Prevention-Toolkit/SMA18-4742 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Chronic pain syndromes and borderline personality. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 2012; 9: 10-14. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280073/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Saper JR, Lake AE. Continuous opioid therapy (COT) is rarely advisable for refractory chronic daily headache: Limited efficacy, risks, and proposed guidelines. Headache. 2008; 48(6): 838-49.
Savage SD, Kirsh KL, Passik, SD. Challenges in using opioids to treat pain in persons with substance use disorders. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2008. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2797112/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Savage SR. Management of Opioid Medications in Patients with Chronic Pain and Risk of Substance Abuse. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2009; 11: 377-384. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19785979 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Shah A, Hayes CJ, Martin BC, et al. Characteristics of initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use — United States, 2006–2015. MMWR. 2017; 66(10): 265-269. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6610a1.htm?s_cid=mm6610a1_w Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Shi Y, Weingarten TN, Hooten WM, Maintilla CB, Warner DO. Smoking and pain: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Anesthesiology. 2010; 113(4): 977-992. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864835 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Sinusas K. Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and treatment. American Family Physician. 2012; 85: 49-56. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0101/p49.html Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Solomon DH, Furst DE, Romain PL. NSAIDs: Therapeutic use and variability of response in adults. UpToDate. 2015. Available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/nsaids-therapeutic-use-and-variability-of-response-in-adults Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Solomon DH, Furst DE, Romain PL. Patient information: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). UpToDate. 2014. Available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonsteroidal-antiinflammatory-drugs-nsaids-beyond-the-basics Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction. Rockville, Md: Center For Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol Series, No. 40, USDHHS Publication (SMA) 04-3939. 2004. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64766/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Sullivan MD, Von Korff M, Banta-Green C, Merrill JO, Saunders K. Problems and concerns of patients receiving chronic opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain. Pain. 2010; 149: 345-353. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334974 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S, et al. Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011; 342: c7086. Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7086 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Trescot A, Helm S, Hansen H, et al. Opioids in the management of chronic non-cancer pain: an update of American Society of the Interventional Pain Physicians’ (ASIPP) guidelines. Pain Physician. 2008b; 11: S5-S62.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Final Recommendation Statement – Depression in Adults: Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Website. 2016. Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/depression-in-adults-screening1 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
United States Department of Health and Human Services. Social determinants of health. Healthy People 2020. 2014. Available at: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-health Accessed on 02/13/2019.
United States Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook: Physical Therapists. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2009. Available at: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm Accessed on 02/13/2019.
van Tulder M, Ostelo R, Vlaeyen J, Linton S, Morley S, Assendelft W. Behavioral treatment for chronic low back pain: A systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Back Review Group. Spine. 2000; 25: 2688-2699. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11034658 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Vicol M. Confidentiality Laws. Mental Health Practitioner’s Guide to HIV/AIDS. 2013. Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4614-5283-6 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, et al. Cannabis for the management of pain: Assessment of safety study . J Pain. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26385201 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
WebMD. Migraines & Headaches Health Center. WebMD. 2012. Available at: http://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/guide/default.htm Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Webster LR. Methadone side effects: Constipation, respiratory depression, sedation, sleep-disordered breathing, and the endocrine system. Handbook of Methadone Prescribing and Buprenorphine Therapy. 2013. Available at: https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461469735 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Weingarten, TN, Shi, Y, Mantilla, CB, Hooten, WM, Warner, DO. Smoking and chronic pain: A real-but-puzzling relationship. Minnesota Medicine. 2011; March: . Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21485923 Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Wolff JL, Roter DL. Family presence in routine medical visits: A meta-analytical review. Social Science & Medicine. 2011; 72: 823-831. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070824/ Accessed on 02/13/2019.
Risk Reduction Training Activity References
AAPI. Use of Opioids for the Treatment of Chronic Pain, A statement from the American Academy of Pain Medicine. The American Academy of Chronic Pain. 2013. Available at: https://painmed.org/clinician-resources/tools-for-practice Accessed 02/14/2019.
Adams et al. Development of a self-report screening instrument for assessing potential opioid medication misuse in chronic pain patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004; 27: 440-459. Available at: http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(04)00101-0/abstract Accessed 02/14/2019.
Adams LL, Gatchel RJ, Robinson RC, et al. Development of a self-report screening instrument for assessing potential opioid medication misuse in chronic pain patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004; 27: 440-459. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15120773 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Agency Medical Directors’ Group. Interagency Guideline on Opioid Dosing for Chronic Non-cancer Pain: An educational aid to improve care and safety with opioid therapy. Washington State Agency Medical Directors Group. 2010. Available at: http://www.agencymeddirectors.wa.gov/Files/OpioidGdline.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Aggarwal A, Kumar R, Sharma RC, Sharma DD. Persistent dystonia following opioid withdrawal. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2011; 35(2): 640. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20685372 Accessed 02/14/2019.
AMA. Promote safe storage and disposal of opioids and all medications. AMA-ASSN.org. 2017. Available at: https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/pain_management/safe-storage.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Pain Society and American Society of Addiction Medicine. Definitions related to the use of opioids for the treatment of pain. 2001. Available at: https://www.asam.org/advocacy/find-a-policy-statement/view-policy-statement/public-policy-statements/2011/12/15/definitions-related-to-the-use-of-opioids-for-the-treatment-of-pain-consensus-statement Accessed 02/14/2019.
American Academy of Pain Medicine. Long-term Controlled Substances Therapy for Chronic Pain Sample Agreement. American Academy of Pain Medicine. 2001. Available at: https://www.nhms.org/sites/default/files/Pdfs/Opioid-Tx-Agreement-AAPM2001.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
American Geriatrics Society. Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2009; 57(8): 1331-1346. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19573219 Accessed 02/14/2019.
American Pain Foundation. Target Chronic Pain Notebook. American Pain Foundation. 2004; updated 2008. Available at: http://www.emergingsolutionsinpain.com/content/tools/apf_resources/TargetCard.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. 5th ed. 2013. Available at: https://www.amazon.com/Diagnostic-Statistical-Manual-Mental-Disorders/dp/0890425558/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1492003452&sr=1-1&keywords=dsm+5 Accessed 02/14/2019.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013; 5. Available at: http://www.appi.org/products/dsm-manual-of-mental-disorders Accessed 02/14/2019.
American Psychological Association. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 & PHQ-2). APA.com. 2013. Available at: http://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/patient-health.aspx Accessed 02/14/2019.
Antoin H, Beasley RD. Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: tailoring the therapy to fit the patient and the pain. Postgrad Med. 2004; 116(3): 37-40, 43-44. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15460088 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Avouac J, Gossec L, Dougados M. Efficacy and safety of opioids for osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007; 15(8): 957-65.
Bair MJ, Polshuck EL, Wu J, Krebs EK, Damush TM, Tu W, Kroenke K. Anxiety but not social stressors predict 12-month depression and pain severity. The Clinical Journal of Pain. 2013; 29: 95-101. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23183264 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Banta-Green CJ, Merrill JO, Doyle SR, Boudreau DM, Calsyn DA. Opioid use behaviors, mental health and pain-development of a typology of chronic pain patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. In Press Epub. 2009. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716214/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Belgrade MJ, Schamber CD, Lindgren BR . The DIRE score: predicting outcomes of opioid prescribing for chronic pain. J Pain. 2006; 7: 671-81. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16942953 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Bennetto L, Patel NK, Fuller G. Trigeminal neuralgia and its management. BMJ. 2007; 334: 201-205. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782012/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Benyamin R, et al. Opioid Complications and Side Effects. Pain Physician. 2008; 11: 105-120. Available at: http://www.painphysicianjournal.com Accessed 02/14/2019.
Berland, D, Rodgers P. Use of opioids for management of chronic nonterminal pain. Am Fam Physician. 2012; 86(3): 252-258. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0801/p252.html Accessed 02/14/2019.
BMJ Publishing Group. Opioid overdose. http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/verify-user-north-american-access.html. 2011; October 27. Available at: http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/339/treatment/step-by-step.html Accessed 02/14/2019.
Boscarino JA, Rukstalis MR, Hoffman SN, et al. Prevalence of prescription opioid-use disorder among chronic pain patients: comparison of the DSM-5 vs. DSM-4 diagnostic criteria. J Addict Dis. 2011; 30(3): 185-94. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745041 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Briley M, Moret C. Treatment of comorbid pain with serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. CNS Spectr. 2008; 13(7): 22-26.
Brown KS. Integrating Risk Assessment in Opioid Prescribing for Persistent Pain Management. Integrative Pain Center, Tripler Army Medical Center. 2009. Available at: https://division-rehabpsych.squarespace.com/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Brown RL, Rounds LA. Conjoint screening questionnaires for alcohol and other drug abuse: criterion validity in a primary care practice. Wis Med J. 1995; 94: 135-40. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7778330 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Butler SF , Budman SH, Fernandez KC, et al. Cross-validation of a screener to predict opioid misuse in chronic pain patients (SOAPP-R). J Addict Med . 2010. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712300/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez KC, et al. Development and validation of the current opioid misuse measure. Pain. 2007; 130(1-2): 144-156. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950245/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Butler SF, Fernandez K, Benoit C, et al. Validation of the Revised Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients in Pain (SOAPP-R). J Pain. 2008; 9: 360-372.
Califano, JA et al. Under the Counter: The Diversion and Abuse of Controlled Prescription Drugs in the U.S. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. 2005. Available at: http://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction-research/reports/under-the-counter-diversion-abuse-controlled-perscription-drugs Accessed 02/14/2019.
CASA. National Survey of American Attitudes on Substance Abuse XIII: Teens and Parents. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse. 2008. Available at: http://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction-research/reports/national-survey-american-attitudes-substance-abuse-teens-parents-2008 Accessed 02/14/2019.
CDC. Unintentional Drug Poisoning in the United States . CDC. 2010; July. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5605a1.htm Accessed 02/14/2019.
Center for Disease Control. Prescription Painkiller Overdoses, Use and Abuse of Methadone as a Painkiller. CDC Vital Signs. 2012. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/MethadoneOverdoses/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Chabal C, Erjavec MK, Jacobson L, Mariano A, Chaney E. Prescription opiate abuse in chronic pain patients: clinical criteria, incidence and predictors. Clin J Pain. 1997; 13(2): 150-155. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9186022 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Chan B, Tam LK, Wat CY, et al. Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2011; 12(5): 705-720. Available at: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1517/14656566.2011.536335?journalCode=eop Accessed 02/14/2019.
Chou R, Ballantyne J, Fanciullo G, et al. Research Gaps on Use of Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: Findings From a Review of the Evidence for an American Pain Society and American Academy of Pain Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Pain. 2009b; 10(2): 147-159.
Chou R, Fanciullo G, Fine P, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J Pain. 2009; 10(2): 113-130. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(08)00831-6/abstract Accessed 02/14/2019.
Chou R, Fanciullo GJ, Fine PG, et al. Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: prediction and identification of aberrant drug-related behaviors: a review of evidence for an American Pain Society and American Academy of Pain Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Pain. 2009a; 10(2): 131-146. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19187890 Accessed 02/14/2019.
CMS. Calendar Year (CY) 2016 Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS) Preliminary Determinations. 2016. Available at: https://www.nila-usa.org/images/nila/!CY2016-CLFS-Codes-Final-Determinations%20-%20Copy.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Cole, BE. Recognizing and Preventing Medication Diversion. Family Practice Management. 2001; 8(9): 37-41. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2001/1000/p37.html Accessed 02/14/2019.
Compton P, Darakjian J, Miotto K. Screening for addiction in patients with chronic pain and “problematic” substance use: evaluation of a pilot assessment tool. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1998; 16: 355-363. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9879160 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Compton P, Wu SM, Schieffer B, Pham Q, Naliboff BD. Introduction to a self-report version of the Prescription Drug Use Questionnaire and relationship to medication agreement noncompliance. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008; 36: 383-395. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630195/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Compton P. The role of urine toxicology in chronic opioid analgesic therapy. Pain Manag Nurs. 2007; 8(4): 166-172. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18036504 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Compton P. Urine toxicology screening: a case study. Emerging Solutions in Pain. 2009. Available at: http://www.emergingsolutionsinpain.com Accessed 02/14/2019.
Cone et al. Urine drug testing of chronic pain patients: licit and illicit drug patterns. J Anal Toxicol. 2008; 32: 530-543. Available at: http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/8/530.long Accessed 02/14/2019.
Couper FJ, Logan BK. NHTSA Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets (rev 2014). 2014. Available at: https://www.wsp.wa.gov/breathtest/docs/webdms/DRE_Forms/Publications/drug/Human_Performance_Drug_Fact_Sheets-NHTSA.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Covidien. EXALGO(TM) Risk Evaluation & Mitigation Strategy. EXALGO(TM) Risk Evaluation & Mitigation Strategy. 2011.
Dahan A, et. al.. Incidence, Reversal, and Prevention of Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression. Anesthesiology. 2010; 112: 226-238. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010421 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Dais J, Khosia A, Doulatram G. The successful treatment of opioid withdrawal-induced refractory muscle spasms with 5-HTP in a patient intolerant to clonidine. Pain Physician. 2015; 18: E417-E420. Available at: http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
De Gregori S, De Gregori M, Ranzani GN, et al. Morphine metabolism, transport and brain disposition. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2012; 27(1): 1-5. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193538 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Deyo RA, Von Korff M, Duhrkoop D. Opioids for low back pain. The British Medical Journal. 2015; 350: g6380. Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.g6380 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Donahue KE, Gartlehner G, Jonas DE. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of disease-modifying medications for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2008; 148: 124-134.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Accessed 02/14/2019.
Dowling LS, Gatchel RJ, Adams LL, Stowell AW, Bernstein D. An evaluation of the predictive validity of the Pain Medication Questionnaire with a heterogeneous group of patients with chronic pain. J Opioid Manag. 2007; 3: 257-266. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18181380 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs: Questions & Answers. U.S. Department of Justice. 2008. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/faq/rx_monitor.htm Accessed 02/14/2019.
Drugs.com. Naloxone. FDA Professional Drug Information. Copyright 2000-2015; Last updated Jan-Feb, 2015: . Available at: http://www.drugs.com/pro/naloxone.html Accessed 02/14/2019.
Dublin S, Walker RL, Jackson ML, Nelson JC , Weiss NS , Von Korff M, Jackson LA. Use of Opioids or Benzodiazepines and Risk of Pneumonia in Older Adults: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Am Geriatr Soc.. 2011; 59. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223721/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, et al. Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2010; 152(2): 85-92. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3000551/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
FDA. Blueprint for Prescriber Continuing Education Program 2011 (rev 2013). Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/rems/ERLA%20Opioids_2014-12-29_FDA%20BLUEPRINT%20FOR%20PRESCRIBER%20EDUCATION.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
FDA. ER/LA Opioid Analgesic Class Labeling Changes and Postmarket Requirements. New Safety Measures Announced for Extended-release and Long-acting Opioids. 2013. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/UCM367697.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
FDA. New Safety Measures Announced for Extended-release and Long-acting Opioids. FDA Website. 2013. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm363722.htm Accessed 02/14/2019.
FDA. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns about several safety issues with opioid pain medicines; requires label changes. 3/22/2016. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm489676.htm Accessed 02/14/2019.
Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States. Model policy for the use of controlled substances for the treatment of pain. Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, Inc. 2004. Available at: http://www.fsmb.org/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Ferri CM. Defining Opioid Tolerance and Dependency. Journal of Pain and Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 2013; 27: 392-393. Available at: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15360288.2013.847518?journalCode=ppc Accessed 02/14/2019.
Fine PG. Opioid Rotation. J Pain Symptom Management. 2009. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735902 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Fingerhut, LA. Increases in poisoning and methadone-related deaths: United States, 1999-2005. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 2008. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/poisoning/poisoning.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Fishbain DA, Cole B, Lewis J, Rosomoff HL, Rosomoff RS. What percentage of chronic nonmalignant pain patients exposed to chronic opioid analgesic therapy develop abuse/addiction and/or aberrant drug-related behaviors? A structured evidence-based review. Pain Med. 2008; 9(4): 444-59. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18489635 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Fishman SM, Bandman TB, Edwards A, Borsook D. The opioid contract in the management of chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999; 18(1): 6-8. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10439570 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Florida Legislature. Health Professions and Occupations: General Provisions. Online Sunshine. 2013. Available at: http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0400-0499/0456/0456.html Accessed 02/14/2019.
Freynhagen R, Geisslinger G, Schug SA. Opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. British Medical Journal. 2013; 346: . Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f2937 Accessed 02/14/2019.
FSMB. Model Policy on DATA 2000 and Treatment of Opioid Addiction in the Medical Office. FSMB Website http://www.fsmb.org. 2013. Available at: https://www.fsmb.org/Media/Default/PDF/FSMB/Advocacy/2013_model_policy_treatment_opioid_addiction.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Galvez R, Perez C. Is morphine still the best reference opioid?. Future Medicine. 2012; 2(1): 33-45. Available at: http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/abs/10.2217/pmt.11.78 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Garra G, Singer AJ, Taira BR, et al. Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010; 17: 50-54. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20003121 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Goli V, Webster LR, Lamson MJ, et al. Effects of concurrent intravenous morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride on end-tidal carbon dioxide. Harm Reduction Journal. 2012; 9(13): . Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22420453 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Gourlay DL, Heit HA , Caplan YH , et al. Urine drug testing in clinical practice: the art and science of patient care. John Hopkins Medicine. 2012; 5. Available at: https://www.remitigate.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Urine-Drug-Testing-in-Clinical-Practice-Ed6_2015-08.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Gourlay DL, Heit HA, Almahrezi A. Universal precautions in pain medicine: A rational approach to the treatment of chronic pain. Pain Medicine. 2005; 6(2): 107-112. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15773874 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Gourlay DL, Heit HA. Compliance monitoring in chronic pain management. In SM Fishman, JC Ballantyne, JP Rathmell (eds). Bonica’s Management of Pain, Fourth Edition Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010. Available at: http://www.amazon.com/Bonicas-Management-Pain-Fishman/dp/0781768276 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Gourlay DL, Heit HA. Universal Precautions Revisited: Managing the Inherited Pain Patient. Pain Medicine. 2009; 10(S2): S115-S123. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19691682 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Gourlay DL, Howard HA, Yale CH. Urine Drug Testing in Clinical Practice: Dispelling the Myths & Designing Strategies. California Academy of Family Physicians and PharamCom Group, Inc. 2006: Edition 3. Available at: https://www.coursehero.com/file/5867154/171-UDT-2006/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Gupta DK, Avram MJ. Rational Opioid Dosing in the Elderly: Dose and Dosing Interval When Initiating Opioid Therapy. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2012; 91(2): 339-343. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205194 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Harm Reduction Coalition. Naloxone Kit Materials. Harm Reduction Coalition. . Available at: http://harmreduction.org/issues/overdose-prevention/tools-best-practices/od-kit-materials/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Harned M, Sloan P. Safety concerns with long-term opioid use. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016; PMID: 27070052. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27070052 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Heit HA, Gourlay DL. Urine drug testing in pain medicine. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004; 27(3): 260-267. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15010104 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Heit, H. Aberrant behaviors – refer or triage. Emerging Solutions in Pain. Ask the Expert. 2009. Available at: http://www.emergingsolutionsinpain.com/login?return=aW5kZXgucGhwP29wdGlvbj1jb21fbWFtcyZ2aWV3PWFydGljbGUmc2VjaWQ9MTcmYXJ0aWQ9MjM0Jkl0ZW1pZD0yMjA= Accessed 02/14/2019.
Holmes CP, Gatchel RJ, Adams LL, Stowell AW, et al. An opioid screening instrument: long-term evaluation of the utility of Pain Medication Questionnaire. Pain Pract. 2006; 6: 74-88. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17309714 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Hooten WM , Timming R, Belgrade M, et al. Assessment and management of chronic pain. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement . 2013. Available at: https://www.icsi.org/guideline/pain/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Hospice Palliative Care. Principles of Opioid Management. Hospice Palliative Care Program. 2006. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20170829012200/https://www.fraserhealth.ca/media/16FHSymptomGuidelinesOpioid.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Huang AR, Mallet L. Prescribing opioids in older people. Maturitas. 2013; 74: 123-129. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201325 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions: Quality Chasm Series. Board on Health Care services. 2006. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/read/11470/chapter/5#78 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality. National Academies Press, Washington, DC. 2003. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10681/health-professions-education-a-bridge-to-quality Accessed 02/14/2019.
Irwin RS, Rippe JM. Irwin and Rippe’s Intensive Care Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012. Available at: https://www.amazon.com/Irwin-Rippes-Intensive-Care-Medicine/dp/160831183X Accessed 02/14/2019.
Jaine R, Jaine S. Antidepressants in the treatment of chronic pain. Practical Pain Management. 2011. Available at: http://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/pharmacological/non-opioids/antidepressants-treatment-chronic-pain?page=0,0 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Jarzyna D, et. al.. American Society of Pain Management Nursing Guidelines on Monitoring for Opioid-Induced Sedation and Respiratory Depression. Pain Management Nursing . 2011; 12: 118-145. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21893302 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Katz N, Fanciullo GJ. Role of urine toxicology testing in the management of chronic opioid therapy. Clin J Pain. 2002; 19(4): S76-S82. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12479257 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Ko TM, Wong CS, Wu JY, et al. Pharmacogenomics for personalized pain medicine. Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica. 2016; 1: 24-30. Available at: http://www.e-aat.com/article/S1875-4597(15)30027-8/fulltext Accessed 02/14/2019.
Krantz MJ, Kutinsky IB, Robertson AD, et al. Dose-related effects of methadone on QT prolongation in a series of patients with torsade de pointes. Pharmacotherapy. 2003; 23: 802-05. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12820821 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Krebs EE, Lorenz KA, Bair MJ. Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference. J Gen Intern Med. 2009; 24(6): 733-738. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686775/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Lipman AG. Understanding Opioid Tolerance A Seriously Overestimated Phenomenon. Journal of Pain and Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 2013; 27: 318-319. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303831 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Manchikanti L, et. al.. American Society of Interventional Physicians (ASIPP) Guidelines for Responsible Opioid Prescribing in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: Part 2 – Guidance . Pain Physician. 2012; 15: 67-116. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786449 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Marshall, PS. Physical Functional Ability Questionnaire (FAQ5). In: Assessment and Management of Chronic Pain, 5th edition. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. 2011; 14: Appendix C:99. Available at: http://www.generationsprimarycare.com/assets/pain-contract.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Martin DP, Bhalla T, Beltran R, et al. The safety of prescribing opioids in pediatrics. Expert opinion in drug safety. 2014; 13(1): 93-101. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24073760 Accessed 02/14/2019.
McCabe SE, Boyd CJ, Cranford JA, Teter CJ. Motives for nonmedical use of prescription opioids among high school seniors in the United States: Self-treatment and beyond. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2009; 163(8): 739-744.
McCulloch, DK. Chronic Opioid Therapy Safety Guideline for Patients With Chronic Non-Cancer Pain. Group Health. 2010, rev. 2012. Available at: https://wa.kaiserpermanente.org/static/pdf/public/guidelines/opioid.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
McNicol ED, Midbari A, Eisenberg E. Opioids for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database System of Reviews. 2013; 8(8): CD006146. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986501 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Mdege ND, Lang J . Screening instruments for detecting illicit drug use/abuse that could be useful in general hospital wards: a systematic review. Addictive Behaviors. 2011; 36(12): 1111-1119. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21821364 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Meissner K, Avram MJ, Yermolenka V, et al. Cyclosporine-inhibitable Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Transport Influences Clinical Morphine Pharmacodynamics. Anesthesiology. 2013; 119(4): 941-953. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23851346 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Melzack R. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain. 1975; 1: 277-299. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1235985 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Merrill JO, Von Korff M, Banta-Green CJ, et al. Prescribed opioid difficulties, depression and opioid dose among chronic opioid therapy patients. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2012; 34: 581-587. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22959422 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Middleton P, Pollard H. Are chronic low back pain outcomes improved with co-management of concurrent depression?. Chiro Osteopat. 2005; 13(1). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182702/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Moore TM , Jones T , Browder JH, et al. A comparison of common screening methods for predicting aberrant drug-related behavior among patients receiving opioids for chronic pain management. Pain Medicine. 2009; 10(8): 1426-1433. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00743.x/abstract Accessed 02/14/2019.
NAABT.org. Physical Dependence and Addiction An Important Distinction. The National Alliance of Advocates for Buprenorphine Treatment. 2014. Available at: http://www.naabt.org/addiction_physical-dependence.cfm Accessed 02/14/2019.
Nafziger AN, Bertino JS. Utility and application of urine drug testing in chronic pain management with opioids. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2009; 25(1): 73-79. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158549 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Nalamachu SR. Opioid Rotation in Clinical Practice. Advances in Therapy. 2012; 29(10): 849-863. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23054690 Accessed 02/14/2019.
NaloxoneInfo.org. Naloxone Information. NaloxoneInfo.org. . Available at: https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/treatment/naloxone Accessed 02/14/2019.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. NIH Analysis Shows Americans are in Pain. National Institute of Health. 2015. Available at: https://nccih.nih.gov/news/press/08112015?nav=pin Accessed 02/14/2019.
National Pain Foundation. Migraine Headache. National Pain Foundation, Inc. 2009. Available at: https://uspainfoundation.org/tag/migraine/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Nicholson B. Benefits of extended-release opioid analgesic formulations in the treatment of chronic pain.. Pain Practice. 2009; 9: 71-81. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19019047 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Noble M, Treadwell JR, Tregear SJ, Coates VH, Wiffen PJ, Akafomo C, Schoelles KM. Long-term opioid management for chronic non-cancer pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010; 1: . Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20091598 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). Proper Disposal of Prescription Drugs. White House Drug Policy. 2009. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp Accessed 02/14/2019.
Overdyk FJ. Initiatives in Safe Patient Care: Postoperative Respiratory Depression and Opioids. Saxe Healthcare Communications. 2009; 1-8: . Available at: http://files.sld.cu/anestesiologia/files/2012/01/postoperative-respiratory-depression-opioids.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Pasero C, McCoffery M. Reversing Respiratory Depression with Naloxone. The American Journal of Nursing. 2003; 100: 26. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10683639 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Passik S. Moment of truth and techniques needed to manage the patient with chronic pain. Available at: http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/587118 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Passik S. Psychiatric and pain characteristics of prescription drug abusers entering drug rehabilitation. Journal of Pain and Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 2006; 20(2): 5-13.
Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Casper D. Addiction-related assessment tools and pain management: instruments for screening, treatment planning and monitoring compliance. Pain Med. 2008; 9: S145-S166.
Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Webster L. Pseudoaddiction revisited: a commentary on clinical and historical considerations. Pain Management. 2011; 1(3): 239-248. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646390 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Passik SD, Schein JR, Dodd SL, et al. A new tool to assess and document pain outcomes in chronic pain patients receiving opioid therapy. Clin Ther. 2004; 26(4): 552-61. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15189752 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Passik SD, Weinreb HJ. Managing chronic nonmalignant pain: Overcoming obstacles to the use of opioids. Adv Ther. 2000; 17: 70-83.
Pawasauskas J, Stevens B, Youssef R, Kelley M. Predictors of naloxone use for respiratory depression and oversedation in hospitalized adults. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2014; 71(9): 746-750. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24733138 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Peppin JF, Passik SD, Couto JE, et al. Recommendations for urine drug monitoring as a component of opioid therapy in the treatment of chronic pain. Pain Medicine. 2012; June early e-publications: 1-11. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01414.x/abstract Accessed 02/14/2019.
Pergolizzi J, Böger RH, Budd K, et al. Opioids and the management of chronic severe pain in the elderly: consensus statement of an International Expert Panel with focus on the six clinically most often used World Health Organization Step III opioids (buprenorphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone). Pain Pract. 2008; 8(4): 287-313. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503626 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing (PROP). Cautious Evidence Based Opioid Prescribing. Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing. 2011. Available at: http://www.supportprop.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/PROP_OpioidPrescribing.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Portenoy RK, Ahmed E. Principles of Opioid Use in Cancer Pain. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2014; 32(16): 1662-1670. Available at: http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/early/2014/05/05/JCO.2013.52.5188.abstract Accessed 02/14/2019.
Pritham UA, McKay L. Safe Management of Chronic Pain in Pregnancy in an Era of Opioid Misuse and Abuse. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 2014; 43(5): 554-567. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25123962 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Reisfield GM, Salazar E, Bertholf RL. Review: rational use and interpretation of urine drug testing in chronic opioid therapy. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2007; 37(4): 301-314. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18000286 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Risser A, Donovan D, Heintzman J, Page T. NSAID prescribing precautions. Am Fam Physician. 2009; 80(12): 1371-8. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/1215/p1371.html Accessed 02/14/2019.
Rudd RA. Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States, 2010–2015. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2016; 65. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm655051e1.htm Accessed 02/14/2019.
SAMHSA. Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. NSDUH Series H-46, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4795. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2013. Available at: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013/Web/NSDUHresults2013.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
SAMHSA. SAMHSA opioid overdose prevention toolkit. 2014. Available at: https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma18-4742.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Savage SD, Kirsh KL, Passik, SD. Challenges in using opioids to treat pain in persons with substance use disorders. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2008. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2797112/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Schafer, M. Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings, Chapter 7 Opioids in Pain Medicine. International Association for the Study of Pain. 2010. Available at: http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/Publications2/FreeBooks/Guide_to_Pain_Management_in_Low-Resource_Settings.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Schechter Neil L. Pediatric Pain Management and Opioids: the baby and the bathwater. JAMA Pediatrics. 2014; 168(11): 987-988. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25200481 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Schnoll, Sidney H., Finch, James. Medical Education for Pain and Addiction: Making Progress Toward Answering a Need. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 1994. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-720X.1994.tb01303.x/abstract Accessed 02/14/2019.
Shah A, Hayes CJ, Martin BC, et al. Characteristics of initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use — United States, 2006–2015. MMWR. 2017; 66(10): 265-269. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6610a1.htm?s_cid=mm6610a1_w Accessed 02/14/2019.
Shi Y, Weingarten TN, Hooten WM, Maintilla CB, Warner DO. Smoking and pain: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Anesthesiology. 2010; 113(4): 977-992. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864835 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Silverman SM. Opioid induced hyperalgesia: Clinical implications for the pain practitioner. Pain Physician. 2009; 12(3): 679-694. Available at: http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Solanki DR, Koyyalagunta D, Shah RV, Silverman S, Manchikanti L. Monitoring opioid adherence in chronic pain patients: Assessment of risk of substance misuse. Pain Physician. 2011; 14: E119-E131. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412377 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Solomon DH, Furst DE, Romain PL. Patient information: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). UpToDate. 2014. Available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonsteroidal-antiinflammatory-drugs-nsaids-beyond-the-basics Accessed 02/14/2019.
Stagnitti MN. Trends in Prescribed Outpatient Opioid Use and Expenses in the U.S. Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population, 2002-2012. Statistical Brief. AHRQ. 2015. Available at: http://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/st478/stat478.shtml Accessed 02/14/2019.
Stein DJ, Ipser JC, Seedat S. Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2006; 1. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16437445 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-36, HHS Publication No. SMA 09-4434. Rockville, MD. 2009.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction. Rockville, Md: Center For Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol Series, No. 40, USDHHS Publication (SMA) 04-3939. 2004. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64766/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Opioid Overdose Toolkit. SAMHSA. Available at: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Opioid-Overdose-Prevention-Toolkit/SMA18-4742 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Tennant F. Using objective signs of severe pain to guide opioid prescribing. Pain Treatment Topics. 2008.
The American Academy of Pain Medicine. The American Society of Addiction Medicine. Consensus document. The American Pain Society. 2001. Available at: https://www.asam.org/Quality-Science/publications/magazine/read/article/2017/07/11/asam-releases-consensus-document-outlining-appropriate-use-of-drug-testing Accessed 02/14/2019.
Trescot A, Glaser S, Hansen H, et al. Effectiveness of opioids in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. Pain Physician. 2008a; 11: S181-S200. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18443639 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Trescot A, Helm S, Hansen H, et al. Opioids in the management of chronic non-cancer pain: an update of American Society of the Interventional Pain Physicians’ (ASIPP) guidelines. Pain Physician. 2008b; 11: S5-S62.
Turner JA, Saunders K, Shortreed SM, et al. Chronic Opioid Therapy Urine Drug Testing in Primary Care: Prevalence and Predictors of Aberrant Results. J Gen Intern Med. 2014; 29(12): 1663-1671. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217208 Accessed 02/14/2019.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Final Recommendation Statement – Depression in Adults: Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Website. 2016. Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/depression-in-adults-screening1 Accessed 02/14/2019.
USDHHS. Facing Addiction in America. The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health. Surgeon General Reports. 2016. Available at: https://addiction.surgeongeneral.gov/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
VA/DoD. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. VA/DoD. 2010. Available at: https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/Pain/cot/VADoDOTCPG022717.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
VA/DoD. Tapering and Discontinuing Opioids. 2010 VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. 2010. Available at: https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/Pain/cot/VADoDOTCPG022717.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
VA/DoD. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. VA/DoC. 2003. Available at: http://www.ihs.gov/nc4/index.cfm Accessed 02/14/2019.
van Ojik AL, Jansen PAF, Brouwers J, et al. Treatment of Chronic Pain in Older People. Drugs & Aging. 2012; 29(8): 615-625. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22765848 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Vissers KCP, Besse K, Hans G, Devulder J, Morlion B. Opioid Rotation in the Management of Chronic Pain: Where Is the Evidence?. Pain Practice. 2010; 10(2): 85-93. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00335.x/pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Vowles KE, McEntee ML, Julnes PS, et al. Rates of opioid misuse, abuse, and addiction in chronic pain: a systematic review and data synthesis. Pain. 2015; 156(4): 569-576. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785523 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Walsh S. FDA approves new hand-held auto-injector to reverse opioid overdose: First naloxone treatment specifically designed to be given by a family members or caregivers. FDA.gov. 2014. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm391449.htm Accessed 02/14/2019.
Warner EA. Opioids for the Treatment of Chronic Noncancer Pain. The American Journal of Medicine. 2012; 125(12): 1155-1161. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18443640 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Warner M, Chen LH, Makuc DM. Increase in fatal poisonings involving opioid analgesics in the United States, 1999-2006. NCHS Data Brief, no. 22. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2009. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db22.pdf Accessed 02/14/2019.
Washington State Department of Health. Washington State Department of Health: Pain Management. Washington State Department of Health. 2010. Available at: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ForPublicHealthandHealthcareProviders/HealthcareProfessionsandFacilities/PainManagement Accessed 02/14/2019.
Webster LR, Fine PG. Overdose deaths demand a new paradigm for opioid rotation. Pain Med. 2012; 13(4): 571-4. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458858 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Webster LR, Webster RM. Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: Preliminary validation of the Opioid Risk Tool. Pain Medicine. 2005; 6(6): 432-442. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16336480 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Webster LR. Methadone-related deaths. Pain Med. 2011; 1(4): 211-7. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21668754 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Weissman DE, Haddox JD. Opioid pseudoaddiction—An iatrogenic syndrome. J Pain. 1989; 36(3): 363-366. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2710565 Accessed 02/14/2019.
World Health Organization (WHO). WHO’s pain relief ladder. World Health Organization: Programmes and projects: Cancer. 2010. Available at: http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/ Accessed 02/14/2019.
Wu SM, Compton P, Bolus R, et al. The Addiction Behaviors Checklist: validation of a new clinician-based measure of inappropriate opioid use in chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006; 32: 342-351. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17000351 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Zacharoff, KL, Pujol LM, Corsini E. Managing Chronic Pain With Opioids in Primary Care. The PainEDU.org Manual. 2010; 2nd ed. Available at: http://www.bookwire.com/book/USA/Managing-Chronic-Pain-with-Opioids-in-Primary-Care-9780982529805-Zacharoff-Kevin-L-28531238 Accessed 02/14/2019.
Expanded Skills Training Activity References
AAPS. Project: Communicate and Cooperate; AAPS 3-Point Plan to Stop the “Drug War on Physicians” & Reduce Prescription Drug Abuse. Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, Inc.. 2009. Available at: http://www.aapsonline.org/painman/cooperate.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
ACPM . Use, abuse, misuse, and disposal of prescription pain medication clinical reference. American College Preventive Medicine . 2011. Available at: http://www.yuma.usmc-mccs.org/mccsyuma/assets/File/Drug%20Facts%20Sheets/painmedsclinicalreference.pdf Accessed on: 2015-07-07.
Alford DP, Compton P, Samet JH. Acute Pain Management for Patients Receiving Maintenance Methadone or Buprenorphine Therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2006; 144(2): 127-134. Available at: http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=719514 Accessed 02/13/2019.
American Pain Society in conjunction with the American Academy of Pain Medicine. Guideline for the Use of Chronic Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain. Evidence Review. American Pain Society. 2009. Available at: http://americanpainsociety.org/uploads/education/guidelines/chronic-opioid-therapy-cncp.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). The ASAM National Practice Guideline For the Use of Medications in the Treatment of Addiction Involving Opioid Use. June 1, 2015. Available at: http://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/practice-support/guidelines-and-consensus-docs/asam-national-practice-guideline-supplement1b630f9472bc604ca5b7ff000030b21a.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Accessed 02/13/2019.
American Society of Anesthesiologists. The Management of Pain. 2010. Available at: http://www.asahq.org/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Baldisseri MR. Impaired healthcare professional. Crit Care Med. 2007; 35(2): S106-16. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17242598 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Ballantyne, JC, Mao, J. Opioid therapy for chronic pain. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349(20): 1943-53. Available at: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra025411 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Banta-Green CJ, Merrill JO, Doyle SR, Boudreau DM, Calsyn DA. Opioid use behaviors, mental health and pain-development of a typology of chronic pain patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. In Press Epub. 2009. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716214/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Brushwood DB. Electronic prescription monitoring programs: a data-reporting tool designed to prevent drug diversion. Emerging Solutions in Pain Knowledge Series III. MediCom Worldwide, Inc. 2007. Available at: http://www.emergingsolutionsinpain.com/index.php?option=com_continued&cat=20&Itemid=267 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Brushwood DB. Maximizing the value of electronic prescription monitoring programs. Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics. 2003; 31: 41-54. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00058.x/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Califano, JA et al. Under the Counter: The Diversion and Abuse of Controlled Prescription Drugs in the U.S. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. 2005. Available at: http://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction-research/reports/under-the-counter-diversion-abuse-controlled-perscription-drugs Accessed 02/13/2019.
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Abuse-deterrent opioids – evaluation and labeling . U.S Department of Health and Human Services. 2015. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm334743.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) . What is a prescriber’s role in preventing the diversion of prescription drugs?. Partners in Integrity. 2014. Available at: https://www.pharmacy.umn.edu/sites/pharmacy.umn.edu/files/prescriber_role_in_preventing_diversion.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 42. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 05-3922. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons With Co-Occurring Disorders. 2005. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64197/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Chou R, Fanciullo G, Fine P, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J Pain. 2009; 10(2): 113-130. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(08)00831-6/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Cicero JT, Dart RC, Inciardi JA, Woody GE, Schnoll S, Munoz A. The Development of a Comprehensive Risk-Management Program for Prescription Opioid Analgesics: Researched Abuse, Diversion, and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS). Pain Medicine. 2007; 8(2): 157-169. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17305687 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Cicero TJ, Inciardi JA, Munoz A. Trends in abuse of Oxycontin and other opioid analgesics in the United States: 2002–2004. J Pain. 2005; 6(10): 662–672. Available at: http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(05)00656-5/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Cole, BE. Recognizing and Preventing Medication Diversion. Family Practice Management. 2001; 8(9): 37-41. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2001/1000/p37.html Accessed 02/13/2019.
Cole, E. Recognizing preventing and medication diversion: Don’t let diversion of pain medication hamper your ability to treat chronic pain. Family Practice Management. 2001; 8(2): 37-41. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2001/1000/p37.html Accessed 02/13/2019.
Compton P. Should Opioid Abusers be Discharged from Opioid-Analgesic Therapy?. Pain Medicine. 2008; 9(4): 383-390. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18489627 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Compton, Peggy. Substance Abuser with Chronic Pain. QuantiaMD. 2010; courseid=30793: . Available at: http://Quantiamd.com Accessed 02/13/2019.
Coolen, P. Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids among Medicaid enrollees—Washington, 2004-2007. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2009; 58(42): 1171-75. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5842a1.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Cornish MA , Wade NG. Spirituality and religion in group counseling: a literature review with practical guidelines . American Psychological Association. 2010. Available at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/232591847_Spirituality_and_Religion_in_Group_Counseling_A_Literature_Review_With_Practice_Guidelines Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dart R. Evaluation of ADFs using RADARS system data . RADARS System. 2011.
Dart, RC. Opioid Abuse, Misuse, and Diversion: Strategies for Prevention. Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS). 2009: 11-25. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00259.x/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dasgupta N . RADARS system subutex & suboxone: how much is prescribed vs. abuse/diversion reports. SAMHSA Meeting on Buprenorphine. 2010. Available at: https://www.radars.org/system/publications/2008_Dasgupta_CSAT.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
DEA. Pharmacist’s Manual – an informational outline of the controlled substances act. Office of Diversion Control. 2010. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/manuals/pharm2/index.html Accessed 02/13/2019.
DEA. Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Tramadol Into Schedule IV. DEA Office of Diversion Control Website. 2014; Rules – 2014: 21 CFR Part 1308 Docket No. DEA-351. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2014/fr0702.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Deding M , Saidj M , Brännström L. 12-step programs for reducing illicit drug use: protocol for a systematic review. The Campbell Collaboration . 2013. Available at: https://campbellcollaboration.org/library/12-step-programmes-illicit-drug-abuse-reduction.html Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dowell D , Kunins HV, Farley TA. Opioid analgesics – risky drugs, not risky patients. JAMA . 2013; 309(21): . Available at: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1686609 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; ePub: March 2016: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN). Highlights of the 2009 Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) findings on drug-related emergency department visits. 2010. Available at: http://www.samhsa.gov Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS). Characteristics of Primary Prescription and OTC Treatment Admissions: 2002. The DASIS Report, Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2004. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/document/338523/00141-prescription Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS). U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control. 2009. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/arcos/index.html Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Practitioner’s manual – an informational outline of the controlled substances act. Office of Diversion Control. 2006. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/manuals/pract/pract_manual012508.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug Enforcement Administration. State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs. U.S. Department of Justice. 2009. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/faq/rx_monitor.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Drug Enforcement Administration. State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs. U.S. Department of Justice. 2010. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/faq/rx_monitor.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, et al. Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2010; 152(2): 85-92. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3000551/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
DuPont RL, McLellan AT, White WL, Merlo LJ, Gold MS. Setting the standard for recovery: physicians’ health programs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2009; 36: 159-171. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19161896 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Dysvik E , Kvaløy JT , Natvig GK. The effectiveness of an improved multidisciplinary pain management programme: a 6- and 12-month follow-up study. J Adv Nurs. 2012; 68(5): 1061-72. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22050304 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Eccher DF. Maine’s Prescription Monitoring Program: Preventing Prescription Drug Misuse. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Substance Abuse. 2009. Available at: http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/osa/data/pmp/files/ME_PMP_Intro_20090113.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Eggleston W, Clark KH, Marraffa JM. Loperamide abuse associated with cardiac dysrhythmia and death. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2016; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.03.047: . Available at: http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(16)30052-X/fulltext Accessed 02/13/2019.
Emmons K, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing in health care settings. Opportunities and limitations. Am J Prev Med. 2001; 20(1): 68-74. Available at: http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(00)00254-3/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
FDA. FDA approves first once-monthly buprenorphine injection, a medication-assisted treatment option for opioid use disorder. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Website. 2017; November 30. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm587312.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
Fine PG. Opioid Rotation. J Pain Symptom Management. 2009. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735902 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Fingerhut, LA. Increases in poisoning and methadone-related deaths: United States, 1999-2005. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 2008. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/poisoning/poisoning.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Fitzgibbon DR, Rathmell JP, Michna E, Stephens LS, Posner KL, Domino KB. Malpractice claims associated with medication management for chronic pain. Anesthesiology. 2010; 112(4): 777-8. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20234314 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Frank E, Carrera JS, Elon L, Hertzberg VS. Basic demographics, health practices, and health status of US medical students. American Journal of Preventative Medicine. 2006; 31(6): 499-505. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17169711 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Frank E, Elon L, Naimi T, Brewer R. Alcohol consumption and alcohol counseling behavior among US medical students: cohort study. BMJ. 2008; 337:a2155: 1-10. Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2155 Accessed 02/13/2019.
FSMB. Model Policy on DATA 2000 and Treatment of Opioid Addiction in the Medical Office. FSMB Website http://www.fsmb.org. 2013. Available at: https://www.fsmb.org/Media/Default/PDF/FSMB/Advocacy/2013_model_policy_treatment_opioid_addiction.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Galanter M, Dermatis H, Mansky P, McIntyre J, Perez-Fuentes G. Substance-abusing physicians: monitoring and twelve-step-based treatment. American Journal on Addictions. 2007; 16:2: 117-123.
Gibbs LS and Haddox JD. Lawful Prescribing and the Prevention of Diversion. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 2003; 17(1): 5-14. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14640336 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Gibbs LS, Haddox JD. Lawful prescribing and the prevention of diversion. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2003. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14640336 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Gilson AM, Joranson DE. U.S. Policies Relevant to the Prescribing of Opioid Analgesics for the Treatment of Pain in Patients with Addictive Disease. The Clinical Journal of Pain. 2002; 18: S91-S98. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12479259 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Giulia N , McDonough CM , Cabral H, et al . Cost-utility of cognitive behavioral therapy for low back pain from the commercial payer perspective. Spine . 2015; 40(10): 725-733. Available at: http://journals.lww.com/spinejournal/Abstract/2015/05150/Cost_Utility_of_Cognitive_Behavioral_Therapy_for.12.aspx Accessed 02/13/2019.
Gourlay DL, Heit HA, Almahrezi A. Universal precautions in pain medicine: A rational approach to the treatment of chronic pain. Pain Medicine. 2005; 6(2): 107-112. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15773874 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Green TC , Mann MR , Bowman SE , et al . How does use of a prescription monitoring program change medical practice?. Pain Medicine . 2012; 13: 1314-1323. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22845339 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Greenwald MK, Schuh KJ, Hopper JA, Schuster CR, Johanson CE. Effects of buprenorphine sublingual tablet maintenance on opioid drug-seeking behavior by humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002; 160(4): 344-352. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11919661 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Hall AJ, Logan JE, Toblin RL, et al. Patterns of abuse among inuntentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities. JAMA. 2008; 300(22): 2613-2620. Available at: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=183046 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Hall AJ, Logan JE, Toblin RL, et al. Patterns of Abuse Among Unintentional Pharmaceutical Overdose Fatalities. JAMA. 2008; 300(22): 2613-2620. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19066381 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Hall AJ, Paulozzi LJ. Prescription Opioids and Overdose Deaths—Reply. JAMA. 2009; 301(17): 1767-1768. Available at: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=183831 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Harm Reduction Coalition. Naloxone Kit Materials. Harm Reduction Coalition. Available at: http://harmreduction.org/issues/overdose-prevention/tools-best-practices/od-kit-materials/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Harned M, Sloan P. Safety concerns with long-term opioid use. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016; PMID: 27070052: . Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27070052 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Harwood I, Stansfeld S. Doctors and Alcohol Misuse. StudentBMJ . 2006; 14: 265-308. Available at: http://student.bmj.com/student/student-bmj.html Accessed 02/13/2019.
Heit, H. Aberrant behaviors – refer or triage. Emerging Solutions in Pain. Ask the Expert. 2009. Available at: http://www.emergingsolutionsinpain.com/login?return=aW5kZXgucGhwP29wdGlvbj1jb21fbWFtcyZ2aWV3PWFydGljbGUmc2VjaWQ9MTcmYXJ0aWQ9MjM0Jkl0ZW1pZD0yMjA= Accessed 02/13/2019.
Hooten WM , Timming R, Belgrade M, et al. Assessment and management of chronic pain. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement . 2013. Available at: https://www.opioidprescribing.com/documents/01-pain_assessmentand_management_guideline.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Inciardi JA, Surratt HL, Cicero TJ, et al . Prescription opioid abuse and diversion in an urban community: the results of an ultra-rapid assessment. Pain Med . 2009; 10(3): 537-548. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719877/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions: Quality Chasm Series. Board on Health Care services. 2006. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/read/11470/chapter/5#78 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 2001. Available at: http://iom.nationalacademies.org/Reports/2001/Crossing-the-Quality-Chasm-A-New-Health-System-for-the-21st-Century.aspx Accessed 02/13/2019.
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality. National Academies Press, Washington, DC. 2003. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10681/health-professions-education-a-bridge-to-quality Accessed 02/13/2019.
Kahan M, Srivastava A, Wilson L, Gourlay D, Midmer D. Misuse of and dependence on opioids: Study of chronic pain patients. Can Fam Physician. 2006; 52(9): 1081-1087. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1783735/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Kaner E, Rapley T, May C. Seeing through the glass darkly? A qualitative exploration of GPs’ drinking and their alcohol intervention practices. Family Practice. 2006; 23: 481-487. Available at: http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/4/481.full.pdf+html Accessed 02/13/2019.
Katz NP, Adams EH, Benneyan JC, Birnbaum HG, Budman SH et al. Foundations of opioid risk management. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2007; 23: 103-118. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17237659 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Keefe FJ. Cognitive behavioral therapy for managing pain. The Clinical Psychologist. 1996; 49(3): 4-5. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267420048_Cognitive_Behavioral_Therapy_for_Managing_Pain Accessed 02/13/2019.
Kessler RC. The epidemiology of dual diagnosis. Biological Psychiatry. 2004; 56(10): 730–737. Available at: http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(04)00739-5/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Krantz MJ, Kutinsky IB, Robertson AD, et al. Dose-related effects of methadone on QT prolongation in a series of patients with torsade de pointes. Pharmacotherapy. 2003; 23: 802-05. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12820821 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Krantz MJ, Mehler PS. Treating opioid dependence. Growing implications for primary care. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164(3): 277-88. Available at: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=216641 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Lande RG, Marin BA, Chang AS, Mason S, Lande GR. A survey of alcohol consumption among first-year military medical students. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007; 33(4): 605-10. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17668346 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Laudet AB. Substance Abuse Treatment Providers’ Referral to Self-Help: Review and Future Empirical Directions. Int J Self Help Self Care. 2000; 1(3): 213-225. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2112772/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Loxterkamp D. Helping ‘them’: our role in recovery from opioid dependence. Ann Fam Med. 2006; 4(2): 168-71. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1467002/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Madsen MV, Gøtzsche PC, Hróbjartsson A. Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomized clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups. BMJ. 2009; 338: 13-115.
McLellan AT, Turner BJ. Chronic noncancer pain management and opioid overdose: time to change prescribing practices. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2010; 152(2): 123-124. Available at: http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=745524 Accessed 02/13/2019.
McPherson ML. Demystifying Opioid Conversion Calculations: A Guide for Effective Dosing. Available in Google Books. 2009. Available at: http://www.amazon.com/Demystifying-Opioid-Conversion-Calculations-Effective/dp/1585281980 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Meghani et al. Predictors of resolution of aberrant drug behavior in chronic pain patients treated in a structured opioid risk management program. Pain Med. 2009. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19523029?ordinalpos=4&itool=Email.EmailReport.Pubmed_ReportSelector.Pubmed_RVDocSum Accessed 02/13/2019.
Menefee Pujol LA, Katz N, Zacharoff KL. The Role of Referral for Consultation in Pain Management. PainEDU Manual Updates. 2009.
Merlo LJ, Gold MS. Prescription opioid abuse and dependence among physicians: hypotheses and treatment. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2008; 16: 181-194. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18569039 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Merrick M. Prescription opioids and overdose deaths. JAMA. 2009; 301(17): 1767. Available at: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=183832 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Middleton P, Pollard H. Are chronic low back pain outcomes improved with co-management of concurrent depression?. Chiro Osteopat. 2005; 13(1). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182702/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Miller WR, Rollnick S . Motivational interviewing. Helping people change.. Applications of Motivational Interviewing . 2012; 3: . Available at: http://www.guilford.com/books/Motivational-Interviewing/Miller-Rollnick/9781609182274 Accessed 02/13/2019.
NaloxoneInfo.org. Naloxone Information. NaloxoneInfo.org. Available at: https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/treatment/naloxone Accessed 02/13/2019.
National Drug Intelligence Center. Heroin Distribution in Three Cities: New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles. Johnstown, Pa: U.S. Department of Justice. Product 2001-R0370-001. 2000a.
National Drug Intelligence Center. Information Bulletin January 2001: OxyContin Diversion and Abuse. Johnstown, Pa: National Drug Intelligence Center. Product 2001-L0424-001. 2001. Available at: http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs/651/651t.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
National Drug Intelligence Center. National Drug Threat Assessment 2001: The Domestic Perspective. Johnstown, Pa: U.S. Department of Justice. Product 2001-SQ0317-001. 2000b. Available at: http://books.google.com/books/about/National_drug_threat_assessment_2001.html?id=JexlmaUMKRwC Accessed 02/13/2019.
NCCAM. Get the Facts: Acupuncture for Pain. NCCAM Online. 2009. Available at: http://www.medicalacupuncture.org/ForPatients/ArticlesByPhysiciansAboutAcupuncture/NCCAMAcupunctureInformation.aspx Accessed 02/13/2019.
NDIC. Methadone Diversion, Abuse, and Misuse: Deaths Increasing at Alarming Rate. National Drug Intelligence Center. 2010. Available at: http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs25/25930/25930p.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Nicholas AS, Molloy AR, Brooker C. Using opioids with persisting noncancer pain: A biopsychosocial perspective. Clin J Pain. 2006; 22: 137–146. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16428947 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Nichols R. Pain Management in Patients with Addictive Disease. The American Journal of Nursing. 2003; 103(3): 87-90. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12626948 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). Proper Disposal of Prescription Drugs. White House Drug Policy. 2009. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp Accessed 02/13/2019.
Office of National Drug Control Policy. Pulse Check: trends in drug abuse, January-June 2002 reporting period. Publication NCJ-197242. 2002. Available at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/ondcppubs/publications/drugfact/pulsechk/pulse_nov02.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Oslund S, Robinson RC, Clark TM, et al. Long-term effectiveness of a comprehensive pain management program: strengthening the case for interdisciplinary care. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) . 2009; 22(3): 211-214. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709080/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Passik SD, Kirsh KL. Managing Pain in Patients With Aberrant Drug-Taking Behaviors. Journal of Supportive Oncology. 2005; 3(1): 83–86. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8008575_Managing_pain_in_patients_with_aberrant_drug-taking_behaviors Accessed 02/13/2019.
Passik SD, Kirsh KL. Opioid therapy in patients with a history of substance abuse. CNS Drugs. 2004; 18(1): 13-25. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8851374 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Passik SD. Issues in long-term opioid therapy: unmet needs, risks, and solutions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009; 84(7): 593-601. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704131/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Passik, SD. Random Access of PMPs. Emerging Solutions in Pain. 2009. Available at: http://emergingsolutionsinpain.com/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
PCSS. XR-Naltrexone: A step-by-step guide. Provider’s Clinical Support System for Medicated Assisted Treatment. 2017. Available at: https://custom.cvent.com/10D3BAE39269457884C1D96DE1DF8D8D/files/b8f05ba83cfe4b859a8f5f72602878f0.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Pergolizzi J, et al. Towards a multidisciplinary team approach in chronic pain management. Change Pain. 2013. Available at: http://www.pae-eu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Multidisciplinary-approach-in-chronic-pain-management.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Rosen CS, Ouimette PC, Sheikh JI, Gregg JA, Moos RH. Physical and sexual abuse history and addiction treatment outcomes. Journal Studies on Alcohol. 2002; 63: 683-687. Available at: http://www.jsad.com/doi/abs/10.15288/jsa.2002.63.683 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Rudd RA. Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States, 2010–2015. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2016; 65. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm655051e1.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
SAMHSA. Managing chronic pain in adults with or in recovery from substance use disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 54 . 2012. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92046/#_ch4_s15_ Accessed 02/13/2019.
SAMHSA. Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. NSDUH Series H-46, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4795. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2013. Available at: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013/Web/NSDUHresults2013.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
SAMHSA. SAMHSA opioid overdose prevention toolkit. 2014. Available at: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Opioid-Overdose-Prevention-Toolkit/SMA18-4742 Accessed 02/13/2019.
SAMHSA. Use of buprenorphine in the pharmacologic management of opioid dependence. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2001. Available at: https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/treatment/buprenorphine Accessed 02/13/2019.
Savage SD, Kirsh KL, Passik, SD. Challenges in using opioids to treat pain in persons with substance use disorders. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2008. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2797112/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Savage SR. Management of Opioid Medications in Patients with Chronic Pain and Risk of Substance Abuse. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2009; 11: 377-384. Available at: SMA08-4138/SMA08-4138.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Savage SR. Principles of Pain Treatment in Addictive Disorders. Presentation at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting. 2004. Available at: http://archives.drugabuse.gov/meetings/apa/ppt/savage.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Simeone R. Doctor shopping behavior and the diversion of opioid analgesics: 2008-2012. IMS Government Solutions . 2014. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5398712/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Solomon DH, Furst DE, Romain PL. Patient information: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) . UpToDate. 2014. Available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonsteroidal-antiinflammatory-drugs-nsaids-beyond-the-basics Accessed 02/13/2019.
Stein DJ, Ipser JC, Seedat S. Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2006; 1. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16437445 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Stephens RC. The Street Addict Role: A Theory of Heroin Addiction. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1991. Available at: http://www.amazon.com/dp/0791406202 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. OxyContin®: Prescription Drug Abuse. CSAT Advisory. 2001(b): 1(1). Available at: https://www.ctclearinghouse.org/customer-content/www/topics/oxycontin_prescription_drug_abuse_062405.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. A Guide to Substance Abuse Services for Primary Care Clinicians. Rockville, Md: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Treatment Improvement Protocol Series, No. 24. Publication (SMA) 02-3687. 1997. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64827/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. The TEDS Report: Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Involving Abuse of Pain Relievers: 1998 and 2008. Rockville, MD. 2010. Available at: https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/divisions/dal/2010/dallas071610.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction. Rockville, Md: Center For Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol Series, No. 40, USDHHS Publication (SMA) 04-3939. 2004. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64766/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Sublingual and Transmucosal Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder: Review and Update. Advisory. Winter 2016; 15 (1). Available at: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Advisory-Sublingual-and-Transmucosal-Buprenorphine-for-Opioid-Use-Disorder-/SMA16-4938 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Aministration. Opioid Overdose Toolkit. SAMHSA. . Available at: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Opioid-Overdose-Prevention-Toolkit/SMA18-4742 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Taylor R, Raffa RB , Pergolizzi JV. Opioid formulations with sequestered naltrexone: a perspective review. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014; 5(3): 129-137. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110852/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Timko C, DeBenedetti A. A randomized controlled trial of intensive referral to 12-step self-help groups: one-year outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007; 90(2-3): 270-9. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=A+randomized+controlled+trial+of+intensive+referral+to+12-step+self-help+groups%3A+one-year+outcomes Accessed 02/13/2019.
Turk D, Gatchel R. Biopsychosocial perspective on chronic pain. Psychological approaches to pain management: A practitioner ‘s handbook. 2002. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17592957 Accessed 02/13/2019.
U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration. Dispensing Controlled Substances for the Treatment of Pain. Federal Register Notices. 2006; 71(172): 52715-52723. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/notices/2006/fr09062.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Ultram (tramadol hydrochloride), Ultracet (tramadol hydrochloride/acetaminophen): Label Change. MedWatch: The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program: Safety Information. 2010; Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products. Available at: Accessed 02/13/2019.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Final Recommendation Statement – Depression in Adults: Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Website. 2016. Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/depression-in-adults-screening1 Accessed 02/13/2019.
United States Department of Labor. Counselors. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition. 2009. Available at: https://www.blhttps://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/school-and-career-counselors.htms.gov/ooh/Community-and-Social-Service/Schooland-career-counselors.htm Accessed 02/13/2019.
United States Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook: Physical Therapists. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2009. Available at: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm Accessed on: 2014-04-28.
US Department of Health and Human Services, SAMHSA. National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits. Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2011. 2013. Available at: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/DAWN2k11ED/DAWN2k11ED/DAWN2k11ED.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
USDHHS. Facing Addiction in America. The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health. Surgeon General Reports. 2016. Available at: https://addiction.surgeongeneral.gov/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
VA/DoD. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. VA/DoD. 2010. Available at: https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/Pain/cot/VADoDOTCPG022717.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
VA/DoD. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. VA/DoC. 2003. Available at: http://www.ihs.gov/nc4/index.cfm Accessed 02/13/2019.
VAHPC. Risk evaluation & mitigation tool-kit: strategies to promote the safe use of opioids. Virginia Association for Hospices and Palliative Care (VAHPC) . 2012. Available at: https://www.virginiahospices.org/assets/docs/REM_TOOLKIT/REM%20Tool%20Kit%204Website_2019.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
van Tulder M, Ostelo R, Vlaeyen J, Linton S, Morley S, Assendelft W. Behavioral treatment for chronic low back pain: A systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Back Review Group. Spine. 2000; 25: 2688-2699. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11034658 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Vissers KCP, Besse K, Hans G, Devulder J, Morlion B. Opioid Rotation in the Management of Chronic Pain: Where Is the Evidence?. Pain Practice. 2010; 10(2): 85-93. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00335.x/pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Vitiello MV, McCurry SM, Shortreed SM, et al. Cognitive-behavioral treatment for comorbid insomnia and osteoarthritis pain in primary care: the lifestyles randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013; 61(6): 947-56. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23711168 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Vowles KE, McCracken LM. Acceptance and values-based action in chronic pain: A study of treatment effectiveness and process. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2008; 76: 397-407. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18540733 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Waknine Y. FDA Approves 7-Day Buprenorphine Pain Patch. Medscape Today. 2010. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/724626 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Walker MJ, Webster LR. Risk factors for drug diversion in a pain clinic patient population . Journal of Opioid Management . 2012; 8(6): 351-62. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23264313 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Walsh S. FDA approves new hand-held auto-injector to reverse opioid overdose: First naloxone treatment specifically designed to be given by a family members or caregivers. FDA.gov. 2014. Available at: https://pcssnow.org/fda-approves-new-hand-held-auto-injector-reverse-opioid-overdose/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Warner M, Chen LH, Makuc DM. Increase in fatal poisonings involving opioid analgesics in the United States, 1999-2006. NCHS Data Brief, no. 22. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2009. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db22.pdf Accessed 02/13/2019.
Weaver MF and Schnoll SH. Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain in Patients with Addiction. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 2002; 16(3): 2-26. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14640352 Accessed 02/13/2019.
WebMD. Acupuncture for Arthritis. 2007. Available at: http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/guide/arthritis-acupuncture?page=2 Accessed 02/13/2019.
WebMD. Physical Therapy for Chronic Pain. WebMD’s online Pain Management Health Center. 2016. Available at: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/physical-therapy Accessed 02/13/2019.
Webster L. Communication and risk strategies for individualized treatment plans. 2009. Available at: http://emergingsolutionsinpain.com/index.php?option=com_continued&view=material&Itemid=283&course=35&token=cdb4cce343d371c69ab43d4ba0394b94 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Webster LR, Dave B. Avoiding opioid abuse while managing pain. A guide for practitioners. North Branch, MN: Sunrise River Press. 2007. Available at: http://www.amazon.com/dp/0962481483 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Webster LR, Fine PG. Overdose deaths demand a new paradigm for opioid rotation. Pain Med. 2012; 13(4): 571-4. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458858 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Webster LR, Webster RM. Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: Preliminary validation of the Opioid Risk Tool. Pain Medicine. 2005; 6(6): 432-442. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16336480 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Webster LR. Methadone-related deaths. Pain Med. 2011; 1(4): 211-7. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21668754 Accessed 02/13/2019.
Webster, L. Misuse. Emerging Solutions in Pain. Knowledge Library. 2010. Available at: http://emergingsolutionsinpain.com/ Accessed 02/13/2019.
Wiedemer NL, Harden PS, Arndt IO, Gallagher RM. The Opioid Renewal Clinic: A primary care, managed approach to opioid therapy in chronic pain patients at risk for substance abuse. Pain Medicine. 2007; 8(7): 573-584. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00254.x/abstract Accessed 02/13/2019.
Workman E & Hendrix J. Anxiety and depression in a psychiatrically informed pain medicine practice. CMP Media LLC. 2007. Available at: http://pro.psychcentral.com/anxiety-and-depression-in-a-psychiatrically-informed-pain-medicine-practice/00562.html Accessed 02/13/2019.
Ziegler PP. Addiction and the Treatment of Pain. Substance Use and Misuse. 2005; 40(1): 1945-1954. Available at: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10826080500294841 Accessed 02/13/2019.